C in Hindi

Revise C Language in Hindi

Today I will discuss short summary of C Language which i have analysed till now for those who want to revise basic concepts.
There are two compilers which are known to me to compile C Programs.Turbo C Compiler and Quick C Compiler.Small Change in
Library fuctions of Turbo C Compiler can give birth to Quick C Compiler.C is basically used to connect user with computer
hardware like ROM, RAM, BIOS and Harddisk in IBM compatible computers with MS-DOS OS.The basic objective to use C Language is
to know different methods to input and output data of user and to combine and manipulate data.

C was created by Dennis Riche in 1972 after the fall of PASCAL, FORTRAN, PL/I, ALGOL Languages.After Creation of BCPL and then
B language by Ken Thompson C came into existence in AT & T Bell labs USA.Sab Kuch Usa mein hi bana hai kya.Language do tarah
ki hotee hain.High level , jo humarey program designing ko fast karti hain. Jaise Fortran, Pascal aur Low level jo program
execution ko fast karti hai jaisey TASM, ASM.Lekin C mein yeh dono khubian hain.Sabse pahley Commercially COBOL use hotee thee
aur scientific & mathematical calculations ke lie FORTRAN use hotee thee.Lekin dono ko mila kar ALGOL60 bana di gayi jo ki
asaani se samajh nahi aati thee, iseley CPL banai , lekin usme bhi bahut saarey features thee jinhey dhoondna mushkil ho jata
tha....isley ant mein BCPL banaai.
Ab hum C ka Character set dekengey bhai... kehney ka matlab hai ki C ka program kin kin cheezon se mila kar bantaa hai.Constant
,Variable aur Keywords kya hotee hain? Constant jaisey 2,3 values hotee hain, jinko change nahi kiya jata...jabki variable ko
chnage kar saktey hai aur Keyword jinka matlab pahley se hi library mein define kiya hua hai .... bas hum key keword likh dete
hain aur program apney aap sab kuch samjh jata hai.Dekh Bhai , tu keyword ko apney naam ya kisi aur word se replace nahi
kar saktaa kyonki wo pahle se hi defined hai....samjha ya samjhi?Constants Int Real aur char type ke hotey hain.Int jo without decimal
numbers hotey hain , Real jo decimal waaley hotey hain aur char constants jo single inverted comma "'" mein likhe jaatey
hain, jinkey ASCII value le jaati hai.If, else, break, while yeh saare keywords hain jo pahley se defined hain.Samjha bedu.
Ab instructions ke baarey mein baat kartey hain jo in sub ko mila kar bantee hai.Instruction type bataaney ke lie, arithmatic
calculations ke lie, input/output karney ke lie aur programm ke sequence chnage karne ke lie use hotee hain.Agar mein a+b=c
liktaa huin to yahaan par a,b operands hain, aur + operator.
Sequence change karne ka matlb hai ki pahley program ki kisi aur line ko execute karnaa aur phir pahli ya doosri line ko.
Humney if, for, while loop padey hain, jinkaa indentation right side ko khisktaa jata hai hai ... aisaa hogaa to program
right hand side ko shift hotaa jaaega.... isley hum Logical operators ka use karte hain jaise AND,OR or NOT.Isey loop ki
instruction choti ho jaatee hai... samjh le be... Koi nahi bataaegaa
Agar mein if (i=5) {work();}; use karta huin to, work to work();chalegaa hi kyonki i=5 ek positive aur true value hai, jo
statement ko execute kargee hi
if(i==2)
statement 1;
statement 2;
Agar statment 2 bracket mein nahi daali to yeh if condition se bahar ho jaaegi aur humsha execute hogee hi kyonki if ke
lie to pahli statement 1 hi maani jaaegi.Loop se bahar aaney ke lie break use hotaa hai.
while(i++ <= 31000);
yahaan i ki value range se bahar jaa rahi hai, isley indefinite loop chalegaa.Indefinite loop ko avoid karney ke lie
counter increment jaroor karein.Is statement mein pahley comparison hoga aur phir increment.Pad lo bhai.
Program se bahar aaney ke lie exit() use hotaa hai.Switch mein har case ke baad break; jaroor lagaa lenaa nahi to saaree
statements execute ho jaaengi...phir puneet ko mat bolnaa ....meraa farz thaa bataana
Fuctions ke baarey mein batata huin Called function mein jo arguments hotey hain, wo actual hotaa hain.Aur jahaan fuction
likkha hota hai , wahan ke argument formal argument hotey hain.Float value main me called function mein return karney ke
lie fuction se pahle float laga do.Har function ke variables ki value usee function tak local rahti hai... isley hum values
pass karte hain.Kisi function mein function nahi likhaa jata aur execution hamesha main() se start hotaa hai.Return; statement
garbage value return karegi.do varibales ki value ko swap aur adlaa badlli karney ke lie call by reference use hota hai, jimey
hum pointers ka use kartey hain.Varables ko memory mein 4 tarah se store kiya jaa saktaa hai
1.Auto - default hota hai ... lagaao ya nahi ... initial value garbage hotee hai
2.Static - Value humesha jindaa rahti hai... ek function se doosrey function mein transfer hotee hai - initial vaule=0
3.Register - fast processing ke lie counter variable mein use hotey hain, initial = garbage
3.Extern - variable har function mein use kiya jaa saktaa hai globally, initial = 0;

Data types:
int 2 byte ka hotaa hai aur char ek byte ka
4 byte ka int long int ho jata hai
4 byte ka float hota hai
8 byte ka double
aur 10 byte ka long double
agar signed hai to ek sign bit bhi hogi 1(-ve) or 0(+ve)
Int ki range -+32700
char ki range -+127
range se bahar honey par indefinite loop chalega
unsigned +127 + 127 = 0->+255

Macros define kaisey kartey hain.Preprocesor source code ko expanded source mein convert kar detaa hai

main(); se pahley

# define PI 3.14

PI template hai
3.14 macro expansion hai
Jiasey "\X1B[2]" command ke jagah hum Clearscreen template use kar saktey hain pooray program main.Bor to nahi ho raha?

Isi tarah (n*n) macro ki jagah hum SQUARE(n) Template ka use kar sakte hain after defining before main().
chotey macros program ko fast kaartee hain bjaai ki fuctions se values caal karaaney se


#include "goto.c"
Library + Current Directory = dono mein khoj hogi

#ifdef OKAY
statemnt 1;